The analysis and design of integrated circuits depend heavily on the utilization of suitable
models for integrated-circuit components. This is true in hand analysis, where fairly simple
models are generally used, and in computer analysis, where more complex models are
encountered. Since any analysis is only as accurate as the model used, it is essential that
the circuit designer have a thorough understanding of the origin of the models commonly
utilized and the degree of approximation involved in each.
This chapter deals with the derivation of large-signal and small-signal models for
integrated-circuit devices. The treatment begins with a consideration of the properties of
pn junctions, which are basic parts of most integrated-circuit elements. Since this book is
primarily concerned with circuit analysis and design, no attempt has been made to produce
a comprehensive treatment of semiconductor physics. The emphasis is on summarizing the
basic aspects of semiconductor-device behavior and indicating how these can be modeled
by equivalent circuits.
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